Battery system and manifold assembly with two manifold members removably coupled together

ABSTRACT

A battery system and a manifold assembly are provided. The assembly includes a first manifold member having a first tubular wall. The first manifold member further includes a first sealing member disposed on a first inner surface proximate to the first end, and a first male connecting portion extending from the second end. The manifold assembly further includes a second manifold member having a second tubular wall. The second manifold member further includes a second sealing member disposed on a second inner surface proximate to a third end, and a second male connecting portion extending from a fourth end. The first male connecting portion of the first manifold member is configured to be removably coupled to the fourth end of the second manifold member such that the second sealing member of the second manifold member contacts an outer surface of the first male connecting portion.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This application relates generally to a battery system and a manifoldassembly having two manifold members removably coupled together.

BACKGROUND

Manifolds have been developed to cool battery packs. However, eachmanifold cannot be easily coupled to other manifolds.

Accordingly, the inventor herein has recognized a need for an improvedbattery system and manifold assembly that eliminates and/or reduces theabove mentioned deficiency.

SUMMARY

A manifold assembly in accordance with an exemplary embodiment isprovided. The manifold assembly includes a first manifold member havinga first tubular wall with a first end and a second end. The firsttubular wall further includes a first inner surface defining a firstcentral aperture that extends from the first end to the second end. Thefirst tubular wall further includes a first plurality of aperturesextending therethrough. The first manifold member further includes afirst plurality of tubular port members disposed on the first tubularwall over the first plurality of apertures. The first manifold memberfurther includes a first sealing member disposed on the first innersurface proximate to the first end, and a first male connecting portionextending from the second end. The manifold assembly further includes asecond manifold member having a second tubular wall with a third end anda fourth end. The second tubular wall further includes a second innersurface defining a second central aperture that extends from the thirdend to the fourth end. The second tubular wall further has a secondplurality of apertures extending therethrough. The second manifoldmember further includes a second plurality of tubular port membersdisposed on the second tubular wall over the second plurality ofapertures. The second manifold member further includes a second sealingmember disposed on the second inner surface proximate to the third end,and a second male connecting portion extending from the fourth end. Thefirst male connecting portion of the first manifold member is configuredto be removably coupled to the fourth end of the second manifold memberwithin the second central aperture such that the second sealing memberof the second manifold member contacts an outer surface of the firstmale connecting portion.

A battery system in accordance with another exemplary embodiment isprovided. The battery system includes a plurality of battery cells and aplurality of heat exchangers disposed adjacent to the plurality ofbattery cells. The battery system further includes a manifold assemblyhaving first and second manifold members. The first and second manifoldmembers fluidly communicate with the first and second plurality of heatexchangers, respectively. The first manifold member has a first tubularwall with a first end and a second end. The first tubular wall furtherincludes a first inner surface defining a first central aperture thatextends from the first end to the second end. The first tubular wallfurther includes a first plurality of apertures extending therethrough.The first manifold member further includes a first plurality of tubularport members disposed on the first tubular wall over the first pluralityof apertures. The first manifold member further includes a first sealingmember disposed on the first inner surface proximate to the first end,and a first male connecting portion extending from the second end. Thesecond manifold member has a second tubular wall with a third end and afourth end. The second tubular wall has a second inner surface defininga second central aperture that extends from the third end to the fourthend. The second tubular wall further includes a second plurality ofapertures extending therethrough. The second manifold member furtherincludes a second plurality of tubular port members disposed on thesecond tubular wall over the second plurality of apertures. The secondmanifold member further includes a second sealing member disposed on thesecond inner surface proximate to the third end, and a second maleconnecting portion extending from the fourth end. The first maleconnecting portion of the first manifold member is configured to beremovably coupled to the fourth end of the second manifold member withinthe second central aperture such that the second sealing member contactsan outer surface of the first male connecting portion. The firstplurality of tubular port members of the first manifold member arecoupled to the first plurality of heat exchangers of the first pluralityof battery cell assemblies. The second plurality of tubular port membersof the second manifold member are coupled to the second plurality ofheat exchangers of the second plurality of battery cell assemblies.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic of a portion of a battery system having a batterypack and a cooling system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the battery system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of the battery system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is another enlarged view of a portion of the battery system ofFIG. 1 illustrating battery cells and heat exchangers therein;

FIG. 5 is another enlarged view of a portion of the battery system ofFIG. 1 illustrating battery cells therein;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the battery system ofFIG. 1 illustrating battery cells therein;

FIG. 7 is a schematic of first and second manifold members utilized inthe cooling system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 8 is a schematic of the first manifold member of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is another schematic of the first manifold member of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the first manifold member of FIG.8;

FIG. 11 is a schematic of a portion of a connecting assembly utilized inthe battery system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 12 is a side view of the connecting assembly of FIG. 11 utilized inthe battery system of FIG. 1 in accordance with another exemplaryembodiment;

FIG. 13 is a rear view of the connecting assembly of FIG. 12;

FIG. 14 is a side view of a connecting fitting utilized in theconnecting assembly of FIG. 12;

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a connecting fitting of FIG. 14;

FIG. 16 is another view of the connecting fitting of FIG. 14;

FIG. 17 is a schematic of a retaining member utilized in the connectingassembly of FIG. 11;

FIG. 18 is a rear view of the retaining member of FIG. 17;

FIG. 19 is a side view of the retaining member of FIG. 17;

FIG. 20 is an enlarged schematic of an end cap utilized in the batterysystem of FIG. 1 in accordance with another exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view of the end cap of FIG. 20;

FIG. 22 is another view of the end cap of FIG. 20;

FIG. 23 is another cross-sectional view of the end cap of FIG. 20; and

FIG. 24 is a schematic of alternative first and second manifold membersthat could be utilized in the cooling system of FIG. 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

Referring to FIGS. 1-4, a battery system 10 in accordance with anexemplary embodiment is illustrated. The battery system 10 includes abattery pack 20 and a cooling system 22 for cooling the battery pack 20.The battery pack 20 includes battery modules 30, 32 having a pluralityof heat exchangers therein for cooling battery cells in the batterymodules 30, 32. A battery module is defined as at least two batterycells physically or electrically coupled together.

The cooling system 22 includes a reservoir 60, a pump 62, a manifoldassembly 64, a manifold assembly 66, and conduits 68, 70, 72. Thereservoir 60 holds a fluid therein. The pump 62 pumps the fluid from thereservoir 60 via the conduit 68. Thereafter, the pump 62 pumps the fluidthrough the conduit 70 into the manifold assembly 64. The fluid flowsthrough the manifold assembly 64 into both a plurality heat exchangersin the battery module 30 and another plurality heat exchangers in thebattery module 32. The manifold assembly 66 receives the heated fluidfrom the heat exchangers in the battery modules 30, 32 and routes theheated fluid through the conduit 72 back to the reservoir 60.

Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6, the battery module 32 is configured tooutput an operational voltage that can be utilized to energize a motorof an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle. The battery module 32includes a plurality of battery cells 100 including battery cells 102,104, 106, 108, 110, a plurality of heat exchangers 120 including heatexchangers 122, 124, and a plurality of frame members 150 includingframe members 150, 152, 154.

As shown, the heat exchanger 122 is disposed between the battery cells102, 104 to extract heat energy from the battery cells 102, 104.Further, the heat exchanger 122 is disposed between the battery cells106, 108 to extract heat energy from the battery cells 106, 108. Theframe members 150, 152 are configured to be removably coupled togetherand to hold the battery cell 102, the heat exchanger 122, and thebattery cell 104 therebetween. The frame members of 152, 154 areconfigured to be removably coupled together and to hold the battery cell106, the heat exchanger 124, and the battery cell 108 therebetween.

In one exemplary embodiment, the plurality of battery cells 100 arerectangular-shaped pouch-type lithium-ion battery cells. Of course,other types of battery cells known to those skilled in the art could beutilized. Since each of the plurality of battery cells 100 have asubstantially similar structure, only the battery cell 102 will bedescribed in greater detail for purposes of simplicity. As shown, thebattery cell 102 has a rectangular-shaped pouch-type body 170 andelectrodes 172, 174 extending from the body 170. The battery cell 102generates a voltage between the electrodes 172, 174.

Referring to FIGS. 4 and 6, the plurality of heat exchangers 120 have anidentical structure to one another. Accordingly, only the structure ofthe heat exchanger 122 will be described in greater detail below forpurposes of simplicity. The heat exchanger 122 includes arectangular-shaped body 190 defining an internal flow path, an inletport 192 for receiving fluid into the body 190 from the manifoldassembly 64, and an outlet port 194 for routing fluid from the body 190into the manifold assembly 66. In one exemplary embodiment, heatexchangers 120 are constructed of aluminum. In another exemplaryembodiment, the heat changers 120 are constructed of stainless steel. Ofcourse, other materials known to those skilled in the art could beutilized to construct the heat exchangers 120.

Referring to FIG. 1, the manifold assembly 64 is configured to routecooling fluid into the heat exchangers of the battery modules 30, 32.The manifold assembly 64 includes manifold members 250, 252, aconnecting assembly 254 having a connecting fitting 260 and a retainingmember 262, and an end cap 270.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 7-10, the manifold member 250 is configured toroute fluid into the heat exchangers of the battery module 30. Themanifold member 250 includes a tubular wall 290, tubular port members330, 332, 334, 336, 338, 340, 342, 344, 346, 348, a sealing member 360,and a male connecting portion 370.

The tubular wall 290 has a first end 292 and a second end 294. In oneexemplary embodiment, the tubular wall 290 is constructed of a plastic,such as polyethylene or polypropylene for example. The tubular wall 290includes an inner surface 297 defining a central aperture 296 extendinga longitudinal length of the tubular wall 290 from the first end 292 tothe second end 294. The tubular wall 290 also has a plurality ofapertures 300, 302, 304, 306, 308, 310, 312, 314, 316, 318 extendingtherethrough. Further, the tubular wall 290 has notches 320, 321, 322,324 the extending therein.

The tubular port members 330-348 are disposed on the tubular wall 290over the apertures 300-318, respectively. In one exemplary embodiment,the tubular port members 330-348 are constructed of an elastomer, suchas at least one styrene, ethylene, butylene, propylene, and diene forexample. Of course, other types of elastomers known to those skilled inthe art could be utilized to construct the tubular port members 330-348.The tubular port members 330-348 are further removably coupled to inletports on the heat exchangers in the battery module 30. An advantage ofutilizing the tubular port members 330-348 constructed of an elastomeris that the tubular port members 330-348 can be easily removably coupledto the inlet ports of the heat exchangers and forms a fluid-tight sealwith the inlet ports.

Referring to FIGS. 1, 8 and 10, the sealing member 360 is disposed on aportion of the inner surface 297 proximate to the first end 292. In oneexemplary embodiment, the sealing member 360 is constructed of anelastomer, such as at least one styrene, ethylene, butylene, propylene,and diene for example. Of course, other types of elastomers known tothose skilled in the art could be utilized to construct the sealingmember 360. An advantage of utilizing the sealing member 360 constructedof an elastomer is that the sealing member 360 can be easily removablycoupled to the connecting fitting 260 of the connecting assembly 254 andforms a fluid-tight seal with the connecting fitting 260.

The male connecting portion 370 extends from the second end 294 and isconfigured to engage the manifold member 252 in order to couple themanifold member 250 to the manifold member 252. The male connectingportion 370 is constructed of a plastic such as polyethylene orpolypropylene for example.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 7, the manifold member 252 is coupled to themanifold member 250 and fluidly communicates with the manifold member250. The manifold member 252 is configured to route fluid into the heatexchangers of the battery module 32. The manifold member 252advantageously has an identical structure as the manifold member 250that decreases component costs. The manifold member 252 includes atubular wall 390, tubular port members 430, 432, 434, 436, 438, 440,442, 444, 446, 448, a sealing member 460, and a male connecting portion470.

The tubular wall 390 has a first end 392 and a second end 394. In oneexemplary embodiment, the tubular wall 390 is constructed of a plasticsuch as polyethylene or polypropylene for example. The tubular wall 390includes an inner surface 398 defining a central aperture 396 extendinga longitudinal length of the tubular wall 390 from the first end 392 tothe second end 394. The tubular wall 390 also has a plurality ofapertures 400, 402, 404, 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, 416, 418 extendingtherethrough. Further, the tubular wall 390 has notches 420, 421, 422(see FIG. 20), and one other notch that is not shown, extending therein.

The tubular port members 430-448 are disposed on the tubular wall 390over the apertures 400-418, respectively. In one exemplary embodiment,the tubular port members 430-448 are constructed of an elastomer such asat least one styrene, ethylene, butylene, propylene, and diene forexample. Of course, other types of elastomers known to those skilled inthe art could be utilized to construct the tubular port members 430-448.The tubular port members 430-448 are further removably coupled withinlet ports on the heat exchangers in the battery module 32. Anadvantage of utilizing the tubular port members 430-448 constructed ofan elastomer is that the tubular port members 430-448 can be easilyremovably coupled to the inlet ports of the heat exchangers and form afluid-tight seal with the inlet ports.

The sealing member 460 is disposed on a portion of the inner surface 397proximate to the first end 392. In one exemplary embodiment, the sealingmember 460 is constructed of an elastomer such as at least one styrene,ethylene, butylene, propylene, and diene for example. Of course, othertypes of elastomers known to those skilled in the art could be utilizedto construct the sealing member 460. An advantage of utilizing thesealing member 460 constructed of an elastomer is that the sealingmember 460 can be easily removably coupled against the male connectingportion 370 of the manifold member 250 to form a fluid-tight seal withthe male connecting portion 370.

The male connecting portion 470 extends from the second end 394 and isconfigured to engage the end cap 270 in order to couple the manifoldmember 252 to the end cap 270. The male connecting portion 470 isconstructed of a plastic, such as polyethylene or polypropylene forexample.

Referring to FIG. 7, when coupling the manifold members 250, 252together, the male connecting portion 370 of the manifold member 250 isremovably coupled to the second end 392 of the manifold member 252within the central aperture 396 such that the sealing member 460 of themanifold member 252 contacts an outer surface of the male connectingportion 370 and forms a fluid-tight seal between the manifold members250, 252.

Referring to FIG. 24, in an alternative embodiment, the manifold members850, 852 having an identical structure can replace the manifold members250, 252, respectively. The primary difference between the manifoldmember 850 and the manifold member 250 is that the manifold member 850has a male connecting portion 870 with a circumferential groove thereinthat holds an o-ring 872 therein. The o-ring 872 contacts an innersurface of the manifold member 852 to form a fluid-tight seal betweenthe manifold members 850, 852.

Referring to FIGS. 1, 2 and 11-13, the connecting assembly 254 isprovided to couple to both the manifold member 250 of the manifoldassembly 64 and the conduit 70 thus allowing fluid to flow from theconduit 70 through the connecting assembly 254 into the manifold member250. The connecting assembly 254 includes the connecting fitting 260 andthe retaining member 262. In one exemplary embodiment, the connectingfitting 260 and the retaining member 262 are constructed from plastic.Of course, in alternative embodiments, the connecting fitting 260 andthe retaining member 262 could be constructed from other materials knownto those skilled in the art.

Referring to FIGS. 1, 14 and 16, the connecting fitting 260 includes atubular coupling portion 500, an abutment ring 510, and arcuate-shapedtubular body 512, and ledges 514, 516. The tubular coupling portion 500includes a first end 530 and a second end 532. The tubular couplingportion 500 further includes a central aperture 534 extending from thefirst end 530 to the second end 532. The abutment ring 510 is disposedaround an outer surface of the tubular coupling portion 500 apredetermined distance from the first end 530 of the portion 500. Thearcuate-shaped tubular body 512 has a first end 540 and a second end 542and a central aperture 535 extending from the first end 540 to thesecond end 542 that fluidly communicates with the central aperture 534.In one exemplary embodiment, the arcuate-shaped tubular body 512 has a90° bend therein. An advantage of the 90° bend is that conduits disposedrelatively close and substantially parallel to an outer surface of thebattery module 30 can be easily coupled to the tubular coupling portion500 of the connecting fitting 260, which is further coupled to themanifold 250. Of course, in alternative embodiments, the body 512 couldhave at another angle or no bend therein. The ledges 514, 516 areconfigured to removably engage an inner surface of the conduit 70 (seeFIG. 2) to form a fluid tight seal with the conduit 70. The ledges 514,516 extend outwardly from an outer surface of the arcuate-shaped tubularbody 512 and extend circumferentially around the body 512. Further, theledge 516 is disposed proximate to the second end 542 of the body 512,and the ledge 514 is disposed between the ledge 516 and the first end540 of the body 512.

Referring to FIGS. 2, 11 and 14, the tubular coupling portion 500 isdisposed in the central aperture 296 of the tubular wall 290 of themanifold member 250 and contacts the sealing member 360 to form afluid-tight seal. An advantage of this configuration is that theconnecting fitting 260 can be rotated within the central aperture 296 toa desired angular position for coupling the conduit 70 to the connectingfitting 260.

Referring to FIGS. 1, 11-14 and 17-19, the retaining member 262 isprovided to removably couple the connecting fitting 260 on an end of themanifold member 250. The retaining member 262 has a ring-shaped portion600 and first and second finger portions 610, 612 extending in a firstdirection from the ring-shaped portion 600. The ring-shaped portion 600defines a central aperture 630 therein. The retaining member 262 furtherincludes tabs 614, 616, 618, 620 that extend inwardly from thering-shaped portion 600 into the central aperture 630. The first fingerportion 610 has an extension portion 640 and a tab portion 642. Theextension portion 640 extends away from the ring-shaped portion 600 inthe first direction. The tab portion 642 extends away from the extensionportion 640 generally perpendicular to the extension portion 640. Thesecond finger portion 612 has an extension portion 650 and a tab portion652. The extension portion 650 extends away from the ring-shaped portion600 in the first direction. The tab portion 652 extends away from theextension portion 650 generally perpendicular to the extension portion650. The ring-shaped portion 600 is slidably disposed on the tubularbody 512 of the connecting fitting 254 such that the tubular body 512 isreceived through the central aperture 630 and the ring-shaped portion600 is slidably disposed against the abutment ring 510. A diameter ofthe central aperture 630 is less than an outer diameter of the abutmentring 500. The first and second finger portions 610, 612 are configuredto removably engage notches 322, 320, respectively, in the tubular wall290 of the manifold member 250 to axially retain the connecting fitting254 on the manifold member 250. In particular, the tab portions 642, 652of the finger portions 610, 612 removably engage the notches 322, 320,respectively in the tubular wall 290 of the manifold member 250 toaxially retain the connecting fitting 254 on the manifold member 250. Inone exemplary embodiment, the retaining member 262 is constructed ofplastic. Of course, other materials known to those skilled in the artcould be utilized to construct the retaining member 262. An advantage ofutilizing finger portions 610, 612 constructed of plastic is that thefinger portions 610, 612 can be slightly bent when rotating the fingerportions 610, 612 about an outer surface of the tubular wall 290 untilthe finger portions 610, 612 are seated in the notches 322, 320,respectively.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 20-23, the end cap 270 is configured to becoupled to the male connecting portion 470 and the end 294 of thetubular wall 290 of the manifold member 250 to fluidly seal an openingin the male connecting portion 470. In one exemplary embodiment, the endcap 270 is constructed of plastic. Of course, in alternativeembodiments, the end cap 270 could be constructed of other materialsknown to those skilled in the art. The end cap 270 includes acircular-shaped body 700, a sealing member 710, and the first and secondfinger portions 712, 714. The circular-shaped body 700 has an innersurface 730 defining an aperture 732 that extends into thecircular-shaped body 700 but not completely through the circular-shapedbody 700. The sealing member 710 is disposed on at least a portion ofthe inner surface 730 of the circular-shaped body 700. The first andsecond finger portions 712, 714 extend in a first direction from thecircular-shaped body 700 that are configured to removably engage firstand second notches 422, 421 in the tubular wall 390 such that the innersurface 730 contacts an outer surface of the male connecting portion 470and the end cap 270 is removably attached to the male connecting portion470 and the tubular wall 390. The first finger portion 712 has anextension portion 740 and a tab portion 742. The extension portion 740extends away from the circular-shaped body 700 in the first direction.The tab portion 742 extends away from the extension portion 740generally perpendicular to the extension portion 740. The second fingerportion 714 has an extension portion 750 and a tab portion 752. Theextension portion 750 extends away from the circular-shaped body 700 inthe first direction. The tab portion 752 extends away from the extensionportion 750 generally perpendicular to the extension portion 750.Referring to FIG. 23, the first and second finger portions 712, 714 arecentered on a plane that bisects the circular-shaped body 700 intotwo-equal sized regions, one of which is shown in FIG. 23. Also, thesealing member 710 is constructed of an elastomer, such as at least oneof styrene, ethylene, butylene, propylene, and diene for example. Anadvantage of utilizing finger portions 712, 714 constructed of plasticis that the finger portions 712, 714 can be slightly bent when rotatingthe finger portions 712, 714 about an outer surface of the tubular wall390 until the finger portions 712, 714 are seated in the notches 422,421, respectively.

Referring to FIG. 1, during operation as discussed above, the manifoldassembly 64 directs fluid into heat exchangers in the battery modules30, 32 for cooling battery cells in the battery modules 30, 32.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the manifold assembly 66 is provided toreceive fluid from outlet ports in the heat exchangers in the batterymodules 30, 32 and to route the fluid to the reservoir 60 via theconduit 72. The manifold assembly 66 includes manifold members 850, 852,a connecting assembly 854 having a connecting fitting 860 and aretaining member 862, and an end cap 870. The manifold members 850, 852have an identical structure as the manifold members 250, 252,respectively. The manifold members 850, 852 are coupled to outlet portsof the heat exchangers in the battery modules 30, 32, respectively.Also, the end cap 870 has an identical structure as the end cap 270.

The above-described battery system and manifold assembly provide asubstantial advantage over other systems. In particular, the batterysystem and manifold assembly utilize two manifold members that can beeasily removably coupled together which decreases assembly time.

While the invention has been described with reference to exemplaryembodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art thatvarious changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted forelements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. Inaddition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situationor material to the teachings of the invention without departing from theessential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the inventionnot be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed for carrying thisinvention, but that the invention will include all embodiments fallingwithin the scope of the appended claims. Moreover, the use of the terms,first, second, etc. are used to distinguish one element from another.Further, the use of the terms a, an, etc. do not denote a limitation ofquantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one of thereferenced items.

I claim:
 1. A manifold assembly, comprising: a first manifold memberhaving a first tubular wall with a first end and a second end, the firsttubular wall further having a first inner surface defining a firstcentral aperture that extends from the first end to the second end, thefirst tubular wall further having a first plurality of aperturesextending therethrough, the first manifold member further having a firstplurality of tubular port members disposed on the first tubular wallover the first plurality of apertures, the first manifold member furtherhaving a first sealing member disposed on the first inner surfaceproximate to the first end, and a first male connecting portionextending from the second end; a second manifold member having a secondtubular wall with a third end and a fourth end, the second tubular wallfurther having a second inner surface defining a second central aperturethat extends from the third end to the fourth end, the second tubularwall further having a second plurality of apertures extendingtherethrough, the second manifold member further having a secondplurality of tubular port members disposed on the second tubular wallover the second plurality of apertures, the second manifold memberfurther having a second sealing member disposed on the second innersurface proximate to the third end, and a second male connecting portionextending from the fourth end; and the first male connecting portion ofthe first manifold member configured to be removably coupled to thefourth end of the second manifold member within the second centralaperture such that the second sealing member of the second manifoldmember contacts an outer surface of the first male connecting portion.2. The manifold assembly of claim 1, further comprising: a connectingfitting having a tubular coupling portion, an abutment ring, and atubular body, the abutment ring being disposed around an outer surfaceof the tubular coupling portion a predetermined distance from an end ofthe tubular coupling portion, the tubular coupling portion configured tobe removably coupled to the first end of the first manifold memberwithin the first central aperture such that the first sealing member ofthe first manifold member contacts the outer surface of the tubularcoupling portion and the abutment ring abuts against the first end ofthe first manifold member.
 3. The manifold assembly of claim 2, whereinthe tubular body of the connecting fitting is an arcuate-shaped tubularbody.
 4. The manifold assembly of claim 3, wherein the arcuate-shapedtubular body has a 90 degree bend therein.
 5. The manifold assembly ofclaim 2, wherein the tubular body of the connecting fitting has firstand second circumferentially disposed ledges extending outwardly from anouter surface of the tubular body.
 6. The manifold assembly of claim 2,wherein the connecting fitting is constructed of plastic.
 7. Themanifold assembly of claim 2, further comprising a retaining memberconfigured to removably hold the connecting fitting on the fourth end ofthe second manifold member.
 8. The manifold assembly of claim 7, whereinthe retaining member has a ring-shaped portion and first and secondfinger portions extending in a first direction from the ring-shapedportion, the ring-shaped portion having a third central aperture, thering-shaped portion being slidably disposed on the tubular body of theconnecting fitting such that the tubular body is received through thethird central aperture and the ring-shaped portion is slidably disposedagainst the abutment ring, a diameter of the second central aperturebeing less than a diameter of the abutment ring, the first and secondfinger portions configured to removably engage first and second notches,respectively, in the first tubular wall of the first manifold member tofixedly hold the connecting fitting on the first manifold member.
 9. Themanifold assembly of claim 1, further comprising an end cap configuredto be removably coupled to the second male connecting portion of thesecond manifold member.
 10. The manifold assembly of claim 9, whereinthe end cap comprises: a circular-shaped body having an inner surfacedefining an aperture that extends into the circular-shaped body but notcompletely through the circular-shaped body; a third sealing memberdisposed on at least a portion of the inner surface of thecircular-shaped body; and first and second finger portions extending ina first direction from the circular-shaped body configured to removablyengage first and second notches, respectively, in the second tubularwall of the second manifold member, and the inner surface of thecircular-shaped body is configured to receive the second male connectingportion of the second manifold member therein, and the third sealingmember is configured to contact an outer surface of the second maleconnecting portion.
 11. The manifold assembly of claim 1, wherein thefirst tubular wall of the first manifold assembly is constructed ofplastic.
 12. The manifold assembly of claim 11, wherein the plastic isat least one of polyethylene and polypropylene.
 13. The manifoldassembly of claim 1, wherein the first plurality of tubular port membersof the first manifold member are constructed of an elastomer.
 14. Themanifold assembly of claim 13, wherein the elastomer is at least one ofstyrene, ethylene, butylene, propylene, and diene.
 15. A battery system,comprising: a plurality of battery cells and a plurality of heatexchangers disposed adjacent to the plurality of battery cells; amanifold assembly having first and second manifold members, the firstand second manifold members fluidly communicating with the first andsecond plurality of heat exchangers, respectively; the first manifoldmember having a first tubular wall with a first end and a second end,the first tubular wall further having a first inner surface defining afirst central aperture that extends from the first end to the secondend, the first tubular wall further having a first plurality ofapertures extending therethrough, the first manifold member furtherhaving a first plurality of tubular port members disposed on the firsttubular wall over the first plurality of apertures, the first manifoldmember further having a first sealing member disposed on the first innersurface proximate to the first end, and a first male connecting portionextending from the second end; the second manifold member having asecond tubular wall with a third end and a fourth end, the secondtubular wall having a second inner surface defining a second centralaperture that extends from the third end to the fourth end, the secondtubular wall further having a second plurality of apertures extendingtherethrough, the second manifold member further having a secondplurality of tubular port members disposed on the second tubular wallover the second plurality of apertures, the second manifold memberfurther having a second sealing member disposed on the second innersurface proximate to the third end, and a second male connecting portionextending from the fourth end; and the first male connecting portion ofthe first manifold member configured to be removably coupled to thefourth end of the second manifold member within the second centralaperture such that the second sealing member contacts an outer surfaceof the first male connecting portion; the first plurality of tubularport members of the first manifold member being coupled to the firstplurality of heat exchangers of the first plurality of battery cellassemblies; and the second plurality of tubular port members of thesecond manifold member being coupled to the second plurality of heatexchangers of the second plurality of battery cell assemblies.
 16. Themanifold assembly of claim 15, wherein the first tubular wall of thefirst manifold assembly is constructed of plastic.
 17. The manifoldassembly of claim 16, wherein the plastic is at least one ofpolyethylene and polypropylene.
 18. The manifold assembly of claim 15,wherein the first plurality of tubular port members of the firstmanifold member are constructed of an elastomer.
 19. The manifoldassembly of claim 18, wherein the elastomer is at least one of styrene,ethylene, butylene, propylene, and diene.